[abc]- one of a, b, or c
[^abc]- not a, b, or c
[a-z]- range a-z
[a-zA-Z]- range a-z or A-Z
^- start of line
$- end of line
\A- start of string
\z- end of string
.- any character
\s- whitespace
\S- non-whitespace
\d- any digit
\D- non-digit
\w- word character
\W- non-word character
\b- word boundary
(...)- capture group
(a|b)- a or b
a?- zero or one
a*- zero or more
a+- one or more
a{3}- exactly 3 of a
a{3,}- 3 or more of a
a{3,6}- 3 to 6 of a